The Effectiveness of Intervention Based on Coping with Emotional Failure in Promoting Distress Tolerance of Bipolar Patients

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.

2 Ph.D Student, Mohaghegh Ardabili University

10.22098/jpc.2025.14956.1227

Abstract

The experience of failure and rejection of emotional relationships is considered a traumatic and fundamental problem in patients with bipolar disorder. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention based on coping with emotional failure in promoting distress tolerance in bipolar patients. The present study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test/post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The study population included patients with bipolar disorder in Zanjan City in 2022. Among them, 30 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups after matching based on demographic variables. The Experimental group received 10 1-hour sessions of the protocol for coping with emotional failure, and the control group did not receive training. The questionnaires on distress tolerance assessed the participants in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up (Simons & Gaher, 2005). Data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measure tests. The results showed the effectiveness of the intervention based on coping with emotional failure in increasing the distress tolerance of the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test and follow-up stages (P <0.01). The present protocol can facilitate the process of coping with emotional failure and managing its consequences by dealing with transdiagnostic factors such as emotional avoidance, rumination, and other factors. In addition to reducing the likelihood of recurrence or exacerbation of the disorder, it can be used as one of the adjuvant, supportive, and rehabilitation interventions along with drug therapies to rehabilitate and improve their quality of life.

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