Preliminary Analysis of Psychometric Properties of Speech Anxiety Thoughts Inventory (SATI)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 M. A. in General Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate causal explanation of the relationship between emotional expression and marital maladjustment based on the mediating role of empathy among divorce stage couples. This research conducted through a descriptive method and the study design was correlation in the form of path analysis. The statistical population consisted all couples applied for divorce (aged 30-50) who referred to the counseling centers of the Judiciary in Tehran during 2020-2021. The sample size determined 396 cases and selected through convenience sampling method. In order to collect the information, standard questionnaires of marital maladjustment, couple empathy, and emotional expression were used. Data's analyzed in the SPSS 21 and AMOS 24 software's. Data analysis showed the model fit of emotional expression relationship with marital maladjustment by mediated role of couple's empathy. The model explained about 34% of the variance of marital maladjustment in divorce applicants. Based on these findings, it can be said that the relationship between marital maladjustment and emotional expression is not a direct relationship and factors such as marital empathy can strengthen or weaken this relationship, so in trainings related to emotional expression, it is suggested to consider these variables.

Keywords


Brader, T., Valentino, N. A., & Suhay, E. (2008). What triggers public opposition to immigration? Anxiety, group cues, and immigration threat. American Journal of Political Science52(4), 959-978.
Cho, Y. Won, H. & Pyo, K. (2000). The effect of group cognitive therapy for social phobia. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19(2), 181–206.
Cho, Y., Smits, J. A., & Telch, M. J. (2004). The Speech Anxiety Thoughts Inventory: scale development and preliminary psychometric data. Behavior Research and Therapy, 42(1), 13-25.
Dİncer, B., ÖzÇelİk, S. K., Özer, Z. & BahÇecİk, N. (2020). Breathing therapy and emotional freedom techniques on public speaking anxiety in Turkish nursing students: A randomized controlled study. Explore. Dec 2: 1550-8307(20)30376-1.
George, R. & Rajan, P. (2016). Effects of Speech Anxiety on Efl Learneras in Jazan University. International Research Journal of Humanities, Language and Literature, 5(3): 1-12.
James, D., & Drakich, J. (1993). Understanding gender differences in amount of talk: A critical review of research. In D. Tannen (Ed.), Gender and conversational interaction (pp. 281–312). Oxford University Press.
Jones, P. E. (2009). From ‘external speech’to ‘inner speech’in Vygotsky: A critical appraisal and fresh perspectives. Language & Communication29(2), 166-181.
Lihui, C. H. E. N. (2016). Reducing Public Speaking Anxiety Via Combining Psychotherapies With Speech Instruction. Cross-Cultural Communication, 12(6), 22-26.
Lin, M., Qian, M., He, D., Wen, X., & Li, X. (2020). Avoidance of all feedback? Attention allocation during and after public speech in social anxiety. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry66, 101520.
McNeil, D. W. Ries, B. J. & Turk, C. L. (1995). Behavioral assessment: self- and other-report, physiology, and overt behavior. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneider (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 202–231). Guilford: New York.
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual review of neuroscience24(1), 167-202.
Möller, E. L., Nikolić, M., Majdandžić, M., & Bögels, S. M. (2016). Associations between maternal and paternal parenting behaviors, anxiety and its precursors in early childhood: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review45, 17-33.
Murray, L., Creswell, C., & Cooper, P. J. (2009). The development of anxiety disorders in childhood: an integrative review. Psychological Medicine, 39, 1413-1423.
Powell, W. W., & DiMaggio, P. J. (Eds.). (2012). The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. University of Chicago press
Sadatian, F. (2013). The effect of anxiety on learning foreign languages in adult learners in speech. Master's thesis, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Isfahan University.
Sadock, B.J., Sadock, V.A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences Clinical Psychiatry (11th ed). New York: Wolters Kluwer.
Smith, A. M., Flannery-Schroeder, E. C., Gorman, K. S., & Cook, N. (2014). Parent cognitive-behavioral intervention for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders: A pilot study. Behavior Research and Therapy, 61, 156-161.
Subon, F. (2013). Gender differences in the use of linguistic forms in the speech of men and women in the Malaysian context. Journal of Humanities and Social Science13(3), 67-79.
Witt, P. L., Brown, K. C., Roberts, J. B., Weisel, J., Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (2006). Somatic anxiety patterns before, during, and after giving a public speech. Southern communication journal71(1), 87-100.
Yaman, H., & Demirtaş, T. (2014). A research on speech anxiety of the second grade primary school students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 122, 536-542.
Yan, J. X., & Horwitz, E. K. (2008). Learners' perceptions of how anxiety interacts with personal and instructional factors to influence their achievement in English: A qualitative analysis of EFL learners in China. Language learning58(1), 151-183.
Zhang, X. (2019). Foreign language anxiety and foreign language performance: A meta‐analysis. The modern language journal103(4), 763-781.