The effectiveness of cognitive hypnosis therapy on women's sexual desire and marital satisfaction

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Counseling, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran.

2 Department of Psychology, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran. Health& Industry Research Center, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

4 Department of Psychology, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive hypnosis therapy on sexual desire and marital satisfaction of women. The study's design was semi-experimental and pre-test and post-test with the control group. The statistical population included all women referred to Babolsar Eltiam psychological clinic and then 22 women were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (11 women for each group). The experimental group was received cognitive hypnotherapy for 11 sessions and each session lasting 90 minutes; while the control group did not receive any intervention during this research. Both groups compeleted the Apt and Halbert (HISD) Sex Desire Scale and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (ESQ-47) in two stages of pre-test and post-test. The collected data were analyzed using covariance analysis statistical method. The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the performance of both experimental and control groups in the scores of developmental functions of Sexual Desire and marital satisfaction in post-test stage (P<0/001) Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that cognitive hypnosis therapy is effective in increasing marital satisfaction and improving women's Sex Desire. Consequently, marital satisfaction and improve women's Sex Desire promote by cognitive hypnosis therapy.

Keywords


Abedi, A., Mosayebi, E., & Oreyzi, H.R. (2013). Meta Analysis of Effectiveness of Psychological Groups Intervention On Rate of Marital Satisfaction (Iran- 1383-1389). Journal of Family Counseling and Psychotherapy. 3(2), 233-261. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22516654.1392.3.2.4.8 . [In Persian].
Afzali, A., & Farrokhzadian, A. A. (2019). Evaluate the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy (MCT) at the level of sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction and body image concern (BICI) married female employees with depression. Journal of Biannual Clinical Psychology & Personality. 16(2, Serial 31), 113-121. Doi:  10.22070/CPAP.2020.2862. [In Persian]. https://dx.doi.org/10.22070/cpap.2020.2862 .
Aigbiremhon, I. J., Okonkwo, E. A., & Kalunta, O. G. (2019). Job variables as predictors of marital satisfaction and marital conflict among female bank employees. Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 28-44.  https://www.esutjss.com/index.php/ESUTJSS/article/view/2
Akhevan Akbari, p., & Hosseinzadeh, M. (2021).  History and evolution of hypnosis. The first national scientific research conference of students of Quranic research and medicine Ardabil, University of Medical Sciences.  [In Persian]. 
Alladin, A. (2012). Cognitive hypnotherapy: A new vision and strategy for research and practice. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 54(4), 249-62 https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2012.654528
Alladin, A. (2008). Cognitive Hypnotherapy, An Integrated Approach to the Treatment of Emotional Disorders. England. will be available in British Society of Clinical and Academic Hypnosis.
Araoz, D. L. (1985). The New Hypnosis. New York: Bruuner/Mazel.
Asadi Jajaei, S., Abolghasemi, A., Ghaffari, A., & Narimani, M. (2020). Effectiveness cognitive therapy based on mindfulnesson the sexual and familial function of sexless women. Journal of psychological science. 19(85), 91-100. URL: http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-382-fa.html. [In Persian].
Attar, S., Behnia Asl, F., Heidari, Z., & Mahmoudi, N. (2020). Review the effectiveness of behavioral cognitive therapy (CBT) on increasing sexual intimacy and reducing anxiety from body image in women who sexual dysfunction disorder (sexual reluctance), leading to Shiraz city's consulting centers. The Journal of New Advances in Behavioral Sciences. 5(43), 13-25. [In Persian].
Bahrainian, A., & Yavari Kermani., M. (2010). Sexual satisfaction and life satisfaction. Journal of Psychotherapy News. (51& 52):68-85. [In Persian].
Bani Fatemeh, H., & Taheri, T. (2009) Identifying the cultural-social factors on the satisfaction rate of matrimony among married women in Azarshahr. Journal of sociology studies.2 (2): 7-29. [In Persian].
Bayrami, M. Fahimi, S. Akbari, E. Amiri Pichakolaei, A(2012) .Predicting marital satisfaction on the basis of attachment styles and differentiation components. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health.Spring, 14(1): 64-77. [In Persian].
Bahari, Z. (2015).Role of the style on marital satisfaction. Journal of culture counseling. 6(22), 1125-144. https://dx.doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2015.4212
Berman, L.A., Berman, J., Miles, M.Pollets, D, .Powell, J A. (2003) .Genital Self-Image as a Component of Sexual Health: Relationship between Genital Self-Image, Female Sexual Function, and quality of Life Measures. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 29(1), 11–21, https://doi.org/10.1080/713847124 
Bronner, G., Elran, E., Golomb, J., & Korczyn, A. D. (2010). Female sexuality in multiple sclerosis: the multidimensional nature of the problem and the intervention. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 121(5), 289-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01314.x
Brotto, L.A., & Basson, R. (2014). Group Mindfulness-based Therapy Significantly Improves Sexual Desire in Women, Behavioral Research and Therapy, 57, 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.04.001
Burrows GD, Stanley, R.O. & Bloom, P. B (2001). International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis. Chichester, 2001. 28-120 . https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2005.10401518
.
 Dehghani Champiri, F., &  Dehghani, A. (2020). Predicting sexual satisfaction in Iranian women by marital satisfaction components. Sexual and Relationship Therapy. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2020.1736279
 
Eckert, Kunaszuk, R. M. (2009). Intimacy, libido, depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction in postpartum couple. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Drexel University.
Fani Sobhani F., Khalatbari, J., Rahmati S. (2018). The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on body image and sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment in infertile women. Journal of Applied Psychology. 12(1):25-46. [In Persian].
Farrell, J. M., Shaw, I. A., & Webber, M. A. (2010). A schema-focused approach to group psychotherapy for outpatients with borderline personality disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40(2), 317- 328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.01.002
Golden W. L., Dowd, E. T., & Friedberg, F. (1987). Hypnotherapy: A modern approach. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Huber, C. H., Navarro, R. L., Womble, M. W., & Mumme, F. L. (2010). Family resilience and midlife marital satisfaction; The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 6(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1066480710364477
Hurlbert, D. (1993). A comparative study using orgasm consistency training in the treatment of women reporting hypoactive sexual desire. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 19(1), 44– 55. https://doi.org/10.1080/00926239308404887
Johnson, A. K., Johnson, A. J., Barton, D., & Elkins, G. (2016). Hypnotic Relaxation Therapy and Sexual Function in Postmenopausal Women: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 64(2), 213–224 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2016.1131590
Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (2020). Research on Marital Satisfaction and Stability in the 2010s: Challenging Conventional Wisdom. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 100-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12635
Kiani, A., Navabinejad, S., Ahmadi, KH. & Taghvaei, D. (2021). Super-Compositional Factors Strengthening and Endangering Marriage in the Recent Decade in Iran. Journal of Counseling Research.20 (77), 4-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/qjcr.v20i77.6133 . [In Persian].
Kirsch, I., Montgomery, G., & Sapirstein, G. (2005). Hypnosis as an adjunct to cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 63, 214-20.
Laurent, SM., Simons, AD. (2009). Sexual dysfunction in depression and anxiety: conceptualizing sexual dysfunction as part of an internalizing dimension. Clinical psychology review. 29(7), 573-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.007
Lazarus, A. A. (2008). A multimodal framework for clinical hypnosis. In: Alladin A, Editor. Cognitive hypnotherapy: An integrated approach to the treatment of emotional disorders. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Lehane, C. M., Dammeyer, J., Hovaldt, H. B., Elsass, P. (2017). Sexuality and Well-Being among Couples Living with Acquired Deaf blindness. Sexuality and Disability.35(2), 46-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11195-016-9470-8
Madanes, C. (1981). Strategic family therapy. A Francisco: Jossey-Bass: 73-85.
Masheb R. M., Kerns, R. D., Lozano, C., Minkin, M. J., & Richman, S. (2009). A randomized clinical trial for women with vulvodynia: Cognitive-behavioral therapy vs. supportive psychotherapy. Pain, 141(1-2), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2008.09.031
Mathews, M. (2015). Study of factors contributing to marital satisfaction. Unpublished Master's thesis. Zululand University.
 
Meston, CM., Hull, E., Levin, RJ., & Sipski, M. (2004). Disorders of orgasm in women. J Sex Med; 1(1), 66-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2004.10110.x
Namdarpour Naghani, Y., Danesh, E., Asadi, B., Fathi, F., Mohammadyfar5, M A. (2019). The effectiveness of cognitive hypnotherapy on reduction of perceived stress of
patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Psychological Science, 18(8), 957-969. [In Persian].
Mohammadi, Sh. ( 2011). Impact of cognitive - behavioral counseling on sexual satisfaction and women's sexual concepts. Master Thesis, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University [In Persian]
Namni, A. (2017). Evaluation of the effectiveness of group psychotherapy based on acceptance and commitment on communication beliefs and marital satisfaction of incompatible women. Journal of Consulting Research, 15 (57), 58-80. http://irancounseling.ir/journal/article-1-76-fa.html  [In Persian].
Soleimanian, A. A. (1995). Investigating irrational thoughts on marital satisfaction. Master Thesis, Teacher Training University. [In Persian].
Pirirani, S., Soleimankhani, A., Motamedi Shalamzari, A., & Sayyad, S. (2018). The Effectiveness of Cognitive Hypnotherapy on Reduction of Intrusive Thoughts, Avoidance, Hyper arousal and Pain Intensity and Improvement of Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer. Contemporary Psychology. 13(2), 99-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/bjcp.13.2.99  [In Persian].
Platter, A. J., & Kelley, M. L. (2012). Effectiveness of an educational and support program for family members of a substance abuser. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 40(3), 208-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2011.585308
Quinn GP, Keough M. (2002) Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists. Cambridge:    Cambridge University press.
Rajaee, F.S., & Eshghi, R. (2018). The effect of behavioral-cognitive hypnotherapy on improving anxiety and sexual performance of vaginismus patients. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 9(4), 55-69. https://dx.doi.org/10.22075/jcp.2018.11810.1164 [In Persian].
Robertson, D. (2008).  A brief introduction of cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy. Available from: URL; http://hypnosynthesis.com
Safak Ozturk, C., & Arkar, H. (2017). Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Sexual Satisfaction, Marital Adjustment, and Levels of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Couples with Vaginismus. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 28(3), 42-57.
Sanaei, B., Alaqband, S., Falahati, S., & Hooman, A.(2017). Measures of Family and Marriage. Tehran: Besat Publishing. [In Persian].
Shah Hosseini, Z., Gardeshi, Z. H., Pourasghar, M., & Salehi, F. (2014). A review of affecting factors on sexual satisfaction in women. Materia socio-medica, 26(6), 378–381. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2014.26.378-381
Siddiqui, N. (2007). Cognitive Behaviour therapy and hypnosis. Available at: http://www: Nadim. Siddiqui.com
Simpson, S. (2005). Cognitive Behaviour therapy clinical hypnosis. Available at:http.www:cognitive-hypnoshs.co.uk.
Sotoudeh, Z., Ghorbani, M. (2019). The effect of hypnosis on the reduction of mental and physical diseases. Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry. 6(4), 136-141.
Starc, A. (2019). Clinical Hypnosis and Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Case Report. Journal of Applied Health Sciences; 5(1), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.24141/1/5/1/10
Taban, M., Dolatshahi, B., Eftekhar, M., & Pourshabaz, A. (2016). The relationship between marital satisfaction with demographics characteristics in the population of Tehran 2016. Advances in Nursing & Midwifery.26 (94), 37-45. [In Persian].
Ter Kuile, M. M., Both, S., & van Lankveld, J. J. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for sexual dysfunctions in women. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 33, 595-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.010
Ter Kuile, MM., van Lankveld, J.J., de Groot, E., Melles, R., Neffs, J., & Zandbergen, M. (2007). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for women with lifelong vaginismus: process and aprognostic factors. Behav Res Ther. Feb; 45(2), 73-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.013 
Trudel, G., Goldfarb, MR. (2010). Marital and sexual functioning and dysfunctioning depression and anxiety. Sexologies; 19(3), 42-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2009.12.009
Tosi, D.J., & Baisden, B.S. (2008). Cognitive-experiential therapy and hypnosis. Clinical hypnosis: A multidisciplinary approach. In: Alladin A, editor. Cognitive Hypnotherapy: An Integrated Approach to the Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Veale, D. (2004). Advances in a cognitive behavioural model of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Body Image, 1(1), 25-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1740-1445(03)00009-3  
Veale, D., & Neziroglu, F. (2010). Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A treatment manual. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Walsh, B. J. (2011). Hypnotic Alteration of Body Image in the Eating Disordered. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 50(4), 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2008.10404297 .
Yapko, M. D. (2012). An introduction to the practice of clinical hypnosis. Abingdon: Routledge.
Yousefi, N., Farsani, K., Shakiba, A., & Hemmati, S. ( 2014). Halbert Index of Sexual Desire (HISD) Questionnaire Validation,   Journal of clinical psychology & personality (Daneshvar Raftar), 20(9), 107-118. [In Persian].
Yousefi, A., Nouranipour, R.L., Besharat, M A. (2006). Investigating the Relationship between Sexual Knowledge and Attitude with Marital, Satisfaction, Abstract of the Second National Congress of Family Pathology in Iran, First Edition. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University, Family Research Institute, 390-406.
Zarei, A and Aghayi, H. (2015). Comparison of the effect of cognitive rehabilitation and hypnotization on improving the status of basketball ballpost. Quarterly Journal of Shaherood Psychology, 1(3), 80-88.
                            
Zolfaghari, M., Rahimi, H., Kajbaf, M. B., & Salehzadeh, M. (2011).  Effectiveness of cognitive – behavior therapy on sexual dysfunction in women. Journal of Psychological Studies.7 (1), 11-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.22051/psy.2011.1554 . [In Persian].