University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Preventive Counseling 2783-1825 7 3 2026 09 01 Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)Across Psychiatric and Neurocognitive Conditions: Evidence and Future Direction 87 1441 4912 10.22098/jpc.2026.18502.1352 EN Bahar Alian Counseling Department, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran. Kiumars Farahbakhsh Counseling Department, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Borjali Clinical Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Hossein Salimi Bajestani Counseling Department, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 10 05 Abstract<br />Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising neuromodulation approach for psychiatric and neurocognitive disorders, though therapeutic effects vary significantly across conditions and symptom domains. Aim: This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence on the clinical potential of tDCS, focusing on efficacy, limitations, and underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Method: This review synthesizes recent randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses concerning the therapeutic applications of tDCS across major psychiatric and neurocognitive conditions. Findings: Evidence supports tDCS as a safe, well-tolerated adjunctive therapy. Benefits are most consistent in reducing depressive symptoms, improving cognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia, decreasing cravings, and enhancing sleep quality. Conversely, effects remain inconsistent in obsessive-compulsive disorder and positive psychotic symptoms, likely reflecting variability in stimulation parameters and individual neurobiological profiles rather than a lack of efficacy. Conclusion: Future clinical utility depends on transitioning to precision neuromodulation. Strengthening tDCS in psychiatric care requires improved methodological rigor, protocol optimization, and integration with computational modeling and biomarker-guided approaches. https://jpc.uma.ac.ir/article_4912_15a828d2c5e1e5d11d8ec0fb57a89975.pdf